Effendi Tri Bahtiar, Asep Denih, Lina Karlinasari, Gustian Rama Putra, Naresworo Nugroho, Sulistyono

Judul	:	Conic Geometric Idealization Shape of Bamboo Culm’s Cross-section to Calculating Section Properties
Abstrak	:	A designer needs to simplify the bamboo cross-section shape variation to the closest standard geometry so a structural analysis of bamboo construction can be carried out. Bamboo culm’s cross-sectional geometrics vary and may be similar to conic such as a circle, ellipse, or egg-shape ring. The best-fit conic section, which is the most similar to the actual geometric shape of the bamboo culm’s cross-section, should be considered. This study formulates mathematical equations for calculating the bamboo culm’s crosssectional properties (including the area, the first moment of area, the centroid, and the moment of inertia), which are fitted by a circle, ellipse, and egg-shaped ring. The thickness, diameter, major axis, and minor axis of four bamboo species (i.e., Gigantochloa apus, Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea, and Gigantochloa robusta) were measured, and those values were substituted into the equations to produce the range of cross-sectional properties of each species. Keywords: Bamboo construction, conic, cross-sectional properties, structural analysis, strength of material.
Tahun	:	2022	Media Publikasi	:	Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi A
Kategori	:	Jurnal	No/Vol/Tahun	:	3 / 40 / 2022
ISSN/ISBN	:	0216-4329/2442-8957
PTN/S	:	Institut Pertanian Bogor, Universitas Pakuan, Universitas Kuningan	Program Studi	:	ILMU KOMPUTER
Bibliography	:	[ASTM] American Society for Testing and Materials. (2017). ASTM D2915 Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products. In American Society for Testing and Materials. doi: 10.1520/ D2915-17.2 Andre, J.-P. (1998). A study of the vascular organization of bamboos (Poaceae-Bambuseae) using a Microcasting method. IAWA Journal, 19(3), 265–278. Bahtiar, E. T. (2015). Keandalan Bambu untuk Material Konstruksi Hijau. IPB University. Bahtiar, E. T., Erizal, E., Hermawan, D., Nugroho, N., & Hidayatullah, R. (2022). Experimental Study of Beam Stability Factor of Sawn Lumber Subjected to Concentrated Bending Loads at Several Points. Forests, 13(9), 1480. doi: 10. 3390/f13091480 Bahtiar, E. T., Imanullah, A. P., Hermawan, D., Nugroho, N., & Abdurachman. (2019). Structural grading of three sympodial bamboo culms (Hitam, Andong, and Tali) subjected to axial compressive load. Engineering Structures, 181, 233–245. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct. 2018.12.026 Bahtiar, E. T., Malkowska, D., Trujillo, D., & Nugroho, N. (2021). Experimental study on buckling resistance of Guadua angustifolia bamboo column. Engineering Structures, 228, 111548. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111548 Bahtiar, E. T., Nugroho, N., Surjokusumo, S., & Karlinasari, L. (2013). Eccentricity Effect on Bamboo’s Flexural Properties. Journal of Biological Sciences, 13(2), 82–87. doi: 10.3923/ jbs.2013.82.87 Bahtiar, E. T., Trujillo, D., & Nugroho, N. (2020). Compression resistance of short members as  the basis for structural grading of Guadua angustifolia. Construction and Building Materials, 249, 118759. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat. 2020.118759 Chuma, S., Hirohashi, M., Ohgama, T., & Kasahara, Y. (1990). Composite structure and tensile properties of Mousou bamboo. Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, 39(442), 847– 851. doi: 10.2472/jsms.39.847 Firmanti, A., Bachtiar, E. T., Surjokusumo, S., Komatsu, K., & Kawai, S. (2005). Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species. Journal of Wood Science, 51(4). doi: 10.1007/s10086-004-0661-z Gere, J. M., & Timoshenko, S. P. (1991). Mechanics of Materials (4th ed.). Springer US. doi: 10.1007/ 978-1-4899-3124-5 Hayatunnufus, A., Nugroho, N., & Bahtiar, E. T. (2022). Faktor Stabilitas Balok Kayu pada Konfigurasi Pembebanan Terpusat. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan, 7(2), 129–146. doi: 10.29244/jsil.7.2.129-146 Inoue, A., Sakamoto, S., Suga, H., & Kitahara, F. (2011). Estimation of culm volume for bamboo, Phyllostachys bambusoides, by two-way volume equation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 2666–2673. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03. 003 ISO 19624:2018: Bamboo structures — Grading of bamboo culms — Basic principles and procedures, 22 (2018). https://www.iso.org/ standard/65528.html Janssen, J. (1991). Mechanical Properties of Bamboo. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Javadian, A., Smith, I. F. C., Saeidi, N., & Hebel, D. E. (2019). Mechanical properties of bamboo through measurement of culm physical properties for composite fabrication of structural concrete reinforcement. Frontiers in Materials, 6(February), 1–18. doi: 10.3389/ fmats.2019.00015 Liese, W. (1985). Anatomy and Properties of Bamboo. Proceedings of the International Bamboo Workshop, 196–208. Liese, W. (2002). The Anatomy of Bamboo Culms. https://brill.com/view/title/7815 Liese, W., & Tang, T. K. H. (2015). Properties of the Bamboo Culm. In Bamboo, Tropical Forestry 10 (pp. 227–256). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-14133- 6_8 Liu, P., Zhou, Q., Fu, F., & Li, W. (2022). Bending Strength Design Method of Phyllostachys edulis Bamboo Based on Classification. Polymers, 14(7), 1418. doi: 10.3390/polym14071418 Mohmod, A. L., Amin, A. H., Kasim, J., & Jusuh, M. Z. (1992). Effects of anatomical characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa blumeana. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 6(2), 159–170. Mohmod, A. L., Ariffin, W. T. W., & Ahmad, F. (1990). Anatomical features and mechanical properties of three Malaysian Bamboos. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2(3), 227–234. Nugroho, N., & Bahtiar, E. T. (2021). Buckling formulas for designing a column with Gigantochloa apus. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 14, e00516. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm. 2021.e00516 Nugroho, N., Bahtiar, E. T., & Nurmadina. (2018). Grading Development of Indonesian Bamboo Culm: Case Study on Tali Bamboo (Gigantochloa apus). 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering, 1–6. Nugroho, N., Kartini, & Bahtiar, E. T. (2021). Crossspecies bamboo grading based on flexural properties. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 891(1), 012008. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/891/1/012008 Nurmadina, Nugroho, N., & Bahtiar, E. T. (2017). Structural grading of Gigantochloa apus bamboo based on its flexural properties. Construction and Building Materials, 157, 1173– 1189. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.170 Sá, R. A., Sá, M. G., & Miranda, I. P. A. (2017). Bending strength and nondestructive evaluation of structural bamboo. Construction and Building Materials, 146, 38–42. doi: 10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2017.04.074 Sánchez Vivas, L., Costello, K., Mobley, S., Mihelcic, J. R., & Mullins, G. (2022). Determination of safety factors for structural bamboo design applications. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 18(1), 26–37. doi: 10.1080/ 17452007.2020.1781589 Schulgasser, K., & Witztum, A. (1992). On the strength, stiffness and stability of tubular plant stems and leaves. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 155(4), 497–515. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5193 (05)80632-0 Sharma, B., Harries, K. A., & Ghavami, K. (2013). Methods of determining transverse mechanical properties of full-culm bamboo. Construction and Building Materials, 38, 627–637. doi: 10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2012.07.116 Shukla, S. R., & Sharma, S. K. (2017). Evaluation of Dynamic Elastic Properties of Bambusa Bambos at Three Different Stages of Its Life Cycle by Elastosonic Technique. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 29(4), 448–456. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44371424 Trujillo, D., & Jangra, S. (2016). Grading of Bamboo (No. 79; 1st ed., INBAR Working Paper). International Network for Bamboo and Rattan. Wegst, U. G. K. (2011). Bending efficiency through property gradients in bamboo, palm, and woodbased composites. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 4(5), 744–755. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.02.013
URL	:	http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/JPHH/article/view/7179