Repository Universitas Pakuan

Detail Karya Ilmiah Dosen

Meilisha Putri Pertiwi, Dina Dyah Saputri

Judul : Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) as an Alternative Protein Source in Pasupati Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Fish Feed

Abstrak :
Research on efforts to conserve golden apple snail (GAS) meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) has been done to utilize the snail meat as an alternative feed for the Pasupati catfish (Pangasius sp.). The research was carried out from May to August 2020. It began by collecting GAS by hand sorting then processed into artificial feed / pellets. Pasupati catfish juvenil measuring 7.4 ± 0.8 cm and weighing 11.7 ± 0.5 g, was maintained for 21 days with a stocking density of 15 individuals/aquarium. Feeding as much as 8% of the biomass with a frequency of feeding 3 times a day at satiation. The results showed that feed B produced the best fish growth and could be an alternative fish feed without having a negative effect on growth and feed utilization. Feed B had the highest SGR value and was supported by a high PR value and a low FCR value. Anova test also supports the differences between treatments, but HSD test (p<0,05) is not significantly different. This means that the addition of the percentage of GAS meat flour to the feed does not provide a good performance of the Pasupati catfish. Value of abiotic parameters was â€‹â€‹support the fish farming.

Tahun : 2020 Media Publikasi : Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi B

Kategori : Jurnal No/Vol/Tahun : 2 / 12 / 2020

ISSN/ISBN : 2087-3948

PTN/S : Universitas Pakuan Program Studi : PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

Bibliography :
Agustono A, Al Arif MA, Dewi FS. (2019). Pemanfaatan tepung keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai substitusi tepung ikan pada pakan udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap nilai kecernaan serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 5(1): 36.

Alfathir S, Estiasih T. (2018). Inovasi pengolahan hama keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) menjadi produk keripik keong mas polita di cv polita nusantara management innovation of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck ) menjadi keong mas polita chips product in cv po. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 6(1): 80–89.

Anggraini TP, Hudaidah S, Utomo DSC. (2018). Pengaruh proporsi tepung ikan dan tepung keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) yang berbeda sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan pakan terhadap pertumbuhan benih udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). E-Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 7(1): 799.

APHA.“Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater.” (2012). APHA, AWWA, WEF. “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater.”

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Refleksi Outlook. Refleksi 2018 & Outlook 2019 Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan 67.

Besson M, Aubin J, Komen H, Poelman M, Quillet E, Vandeputte M, Van Arendonk JAM, De Boer IJM. 2016. Environmental impacts of genetic improvement of growth rate and feed conversion ratio in fish farming under rearing density and nitrogen output limitations. Journal of Cleaner Production 116: 100-109.

Beveridge MCM, Thilsted SH, Phillips MJ, Metian M, Troell M, Hall SJ. 2013. Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: The role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture. Journal of Fish Biology 83(4): 1067-1084.

Cárcamo C, Estrada JM, Canales-Cerro C, Hernandez MF, Herrera R, Molina-Burgos BE, Riquelme D, Salas C, Zuniga M, Klarian SA. 2019. Evaluating the relationship between the growth of fish and energy component of their prey. Cogent Environmental Science 5(1): 1–6.

Chew SF, Ip YK. 2014. Excretory nitrogen metabolism and defence against ammonia toxicity in air-breathing fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 84(3): 603-638.

Cowie RH. 2002. Apple Snail (Ampullariidae)as agricultural pest: their biology,impact and management. Crop Protection.

Da CT, Hung LT, Berg H, Lindberg JE, Lundh T. 2013. Evaluation of potential feed sources, and technical and economic considerations of small-scale commercial striped catfish (Pangasius hypothalamus) pond farming systems in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Aquaculture Research 44(3): 427-438.

De Silva SS, Anderson TA.1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall, London.

Devic E, Leschen W, Murray F, Little DC. 2018. Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of advanced nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. Aquaculture Nutrition 24(1): 416-423.

FAO. 2011. FAO yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2011/FAO annuaire, In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Ganga R, Tibbetts SM, Wall CL, Plouffe DA, Bryenton MD, Peters AR, Runighan CD, Buchanan JT, Lall SP. 2015. Influence of feeding a high plant protein diet on growth and nutrient utilization to combined “all-fish” growth-hormone transgenic diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 446: 272–282.

Gatlin, D. 1990. Nutrition of pond fishes. Fisheries Research.

Glencross B, Hien TTT, Phuong NT, Cam TuTL. 2011. A factorial approach to defining the energy and protein requirements of Tra Catfish, Pangasianodon hypothalamus. Aquaculture Nutrition 17(2): e396-e405.

Gustiano R, Kristanto AH, Tahapari E, Iswanto B. 2016. Evaluation of Pangasius djambal Bleeker 1846 and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) Hybrids: Biometric, Growth, and Ovarian Maturation. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 18(1): 32-37.

Han T, Li X, Wang J, Hu S, Jiang Y, Zhong X. 2014. Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile giant croaker Nibea japonica. Aquaculture 434: 145-150.

Hargreaves JA. 1998. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 166(3-4): 181-212.

Hargreaves JA, TCS. 2004. Managing ammonia in fish pond. SRAC Publication - Southern Regional Aquaculture Center.

Hayes KA, Joshi RC, Thiengo SC, Cowie RH. 2008. Out of South America: Multiple origins of non-native apple snails in Asia. Diversity and Distributions 14(4): 701-712.

Heinitz MC, Figueiredo Silva C, Schulz C, Lemme A. 2018. The effect of varying dietary digestible protein and digestible non-protein energy sources on growth, nutrient utilization efficiencies and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) evaluated with a two-factorial central composite study design. Aquaculture Nutrition 24(2): 723-740.

Hidayat D, Dwi SA, Yulisman. 2013. Kelangsungan hidup,pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan gabus (Channa striata) yang diberi pakan berbahan baku tepung keong mas (Pomacea sp). Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 1(2): 161–172.

Hu Y, Tan B, Mai K, Ai Q, Zheng S, Cheng K. 2008. Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy. Aquaculture Nutrition 14(6): 499-506.

Huang YS, Wen XB, Li SK, Xuan XZ, Zhu DS. 2017. Effects of protein levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition, amino acid composition and physiology indices of juvenile chu’s croaker, Nibea coibor. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(3): 594-602.

Hung LT, Truc LTT, Huy HPV. 2007. Case study on the use of farm-made feeds and commercially formulated pellets for pangasiid catfish culture in the mekong Delta, Vienam. Study and Analysis of Feeds and Fertilizers for Sustainable Aquaculture Development.

Ion S, Cristea V, Bocioc E, Ionescu TI, Coada MT, Enache I. 2011. Monitoring the water quality in the aquaculture recirculating systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2(4): 1656–1660.

Joshi RC. 2007. Problems with the management of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata: An important exotic pest of rice in Asia. In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J. (eds) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests. Springer, Dordrecht.

Kaushik SJ, Seiliez I. 2010. Protein and amino acid nutrition and metabolism in fish: Current knowledge and future needs. Aquaculture Research 41(3): 322-332.

Marsyha DD, Wijayanti HS, Nuryanto, Anjani G. 2018. Contribution of golden apple snail flour to enhance omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids contents in weaning food. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 116(1).

Merino GE, Piedrahita RH, Conklin DE. 2007. Ammonia and urea excretion rates of California halibut (Paralichthys californicus, Ayres) under farm-like conditions. Aquaculture 271(1-4): 227-243.

Naylor, R. (1996). Invasions in agriculture: Assessing the cost of the golden apple snail in Asia. Ambio 25(7): 443--448.

Nguyen TP, Le X S, Nguyen QT, Huynh Han C, Cao TA, Nguyen MH. 2007. Economics of aquaculture feeding practices: Viet Nam. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.

Omasaki, SK, Janssen K, Besson M, Komen H. 2017. Economic values of growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and uniformity for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 481: 124-132.

Otchoumou, AK, Blé CM, Alla YL, Corraze G, Niamke SL, Diopoh JK. 2014. Effect of crude palm oil incorporation on growth, survival, feed efficiency, and body composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 26(2): 169-178.

Pulgar, J, Poblete E, Alvarez M, Morales JP, Aranda B, Aldana M, Pulgar VM. 2013. Can upwelling signals be detected in intertidal fishes of different trophic levels?. Journal of Fish Biology 83(5): 1407-1415.

Randall, DJ, Wright PA. 1987. Ammonia distribution and excretion in fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 3: 107-120.

Ross B, K Jauncey. 1982. A Guide to Tilapia Feeds and Feeding. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland.

Ross SD, Nielsen JR, Gislason H, Nielsen A, Andersen NG. 2018. Growth and food consumption of whiting Merlangius merlangus. Journal of Fish Biology 93(2): 334-343.

Sánchez-Lozano, NB, Martínez-Llorens S, Tomás-Vidal A, Cerdá MJ. 2009. Effect of high-level fish meal replacement by pea and rice concentrate protein on growth, nutrient utilization and fillet quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). Aquaculture 298(1–2): 83–89.

Sari, DE, Arma R, Asdar Y. 2019. Preferensi Pomacea canaliculata terhadap perangkap atraktan alami pada pertanian padi. Agrominansia 3(2): 101-108.

Savitri A, Hasani Q, Tarsim T. 2015. Pertumbuhan ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) yang dipelihara dengan sistem bioflok pada feeding rate yang berbeda. E-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 4(1): 453-460.

Seo JY, Lee SM. 2008. Effects of dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Aquaculture International 16: 551-560.

Siregar, AZ, Lubis KS. 2017. Utilization of golden snail as alternative Liquid Organic Fertilizer ( LOF ) on paddy Farmers in Dairi, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 6(11), 17–21.

Soengas, JL. 2014. Contribution of glucose- and fatty acid sensing systems to the regulation of food intake in fish: A review. General and Comparative Endocrinology 205: 36–48.

Subhan A, Yuwanta T. 2015. The use of Pomacea canaliculata snails in feed to improve quality of Alabio Duck (Anas plathyrinchos Borneo) meat. Jounal of Indonesian Tropical Agriculture 40(4): 238–244.

Zhang, NN, Ma QQ, Fan WJ, Xing Q, Zhao YL, Chen LQ, Ye JY, Zhang ML, Du ZY. 2017. Effects of the dietary protein to energy ratio on growth, feed utilization and body composition in Macrobrachium nipponense. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(2): 313–321.

URL : http://smujo.id/nb/article/view/6937/4416

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Detail Karya Ilmiah Dosen

Meilisha Putri Pertiwi, Dina Dyah Saputri

Judul	:	Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) as an Alternative Protein Source in Pasupati Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Fish Feed
Abstrak	:	Research on efforts to conserve golden apple snail (GAS) meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) has been done to utilize the snail meat as an alternative feed for the Pasupati catfish (Pangasius sp.). The research was carried out from May to August 2020. It began by collecting GAS by hand sorting then processed into artificial feed / pellets. Pasupati catfish juvenil measuring 7.4 ± 0.8 cm and weighing 11.7 ± 0.5 g, was maintained for 21 days with a stocking density of 15 individuals/aquarium. Feeding as much as 8% of the biomass with a frequency of feeding 3 times a day at satiation. The results showed that feed B produced the best fish growth and could be an alternative fish feed without having a negative effect on growth and feed utilization. Feed B had the highest SGR value and was supported by a high PR value and a low FCR value. Anova test also supports the differences between treatments, but HSD test (p<0,05) is not significantly different. This means that the addition of the percentage of GAS meat flour to the feed does not provide a good performance of the Pasupati catfish. Value of abiotic parameters was â€‹â€‹support the fish farming.
Tahun	:	2020	Media Publikasi	:	Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi B
Kategori	:	Jurnal	No/Vol/Tahun	:	2 / 12 / 2020
ISSN/ISBN	:	2087-3948
PTN/S	:	Universitas Pakuan	Program Studi	:	PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI
Bibliography	:	Agustono A, Al Arif MA, Dewi FS. (2019). Pemanfaatan tepung keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai substitusi tepung ikan pada pakan udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap nilai kecernaan serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 5(1): 36. Alfathir S, Estiasih T. (2018). Inovasi pengolahan hama keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) menjadi produk keripik keong mas polita di cv polita nusantara management innovation of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck ) menjadi keong mas polita chips product in cv po. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri 6(1): 80–89. Anggraini TP, Hudaidah S, Utomo DSC. (2018). Pengaruh proporsi tepung ikan dan tepung keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata) yang berbeda sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan pakan terhadap pertumbuhan benih udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). E-Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 7(1): 799. APHA.“Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater.” (2012). APHA, AWWA, WEF. “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater.” Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Refleksi Outlook. Refleksi 2018 & Outlook 2019 Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan 67. Besson M, Aubin J, Komen H, Poelman M, Quillet E, Vandeputte M, Van Arendonk JAM, De Boer IJM. 2016. Environmental impacts of genetic improvement of growth rate and feed conversion ratio in fish farming under rearing density and nitrogen output limitations. Journal of Cleaner Production 116: 100-109. Beveridge MCM, Thilsted SH, Phillips MJ, Metian M, Troell M, Hall SJ. 2013. Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: The role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture. Journal of Fish Biology 83(4): 1067-1084. Cárcamo C, Estrada JM, Canales-Cerro C, Hernandez MF, Herrera R, Molina-Burgos BE, Riquelme D, Salas C, Zuniga M, Klarian SA. 2019. Evaluating the relationship between the growth of fish and energy component of their prey. Cogent Environmental Science 5(1): 1–6. Chew SF, Ip YK. 2014. Excretory nitrogen metabolism and defence against ammonia toxicity in air-breathing fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 84(3): 603-638. Cowie RH. 2002. Apple Snail (Ampullariidae)as agricultural pest: their biology,impact and management. Crop Protection. Da CT, Hung LT, Berg H, Lindberg JE, Lundh T. 2013. Evaluation of potential feed sources, and technical and economic considerations of small-scale commercial striped catfish (Pangasius hypothalamus) pond farming systems in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Aquaculture Research 44(3): 427-438. De Silva SS, Anderson TA.1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall, London. Devic E, Leschen W, Murray F, Little DC. 2018. Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of advanced nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. Aquaculture Nutrition 24(1): 416-423. FAO. 2011. FAO yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2011/FAO annuaire, In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Ganga R, Tibbetts SM, Wall CL, Plouffe DA, Bryenton MD, Peters AR, Runighan CD, Buchanan JT, Lall SP. 2015. Influence of feeding a high plant protein diet on growth and nutrient utilization to combined “all-fish” growth-hormone transgenic diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 446: 272–282. Gatlin, D. 1990. Nutrition of pond fishes. Fisheries Research. Glencross B, Hien TTT, Phuong NT, Cam TuTL. 2011. A factorial approach to defining the energy and protein requirements of Tra Catfish, Pangasianodon hypothalamus. Aquaculture Nutrition 17(2): e396-e405. Gustiano R, Kristanto AH, Tahapari E, Iswanto B. 2016. Evaluation of Pangasius djambal Bleeker 1846 and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) Hybrids: Biometric, Growth, and Ovarian Maturation. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 18(1): 32-37. Han T, Li X, Wang J, Hu S, Jiang Y, Zhong X. 2014. Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile giant croaker Nibea japonica. Aquaculture 434: 145-150. Hargreaves JA. 1998. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 166(3-4): 181-212. Hargreaves JA, TCS. 2004. Managing ammonia in fish pond. SRAC Publication - Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. Hayes KA, Joshi RC, Thiengo SC, Cowie RH. 2008. Out of South America: Multiple origins of non-native apple snails in Asia. Diversity and Distributions 14(4): 701-712. Heinitz MC, Figueiredo Silva C, Schulz C, Lemme A. 2018. The effect of varying dietary digestible protein and digestible non-protein energy sources on growth, nutrient utilization efficiencies and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio) evaluated with a two-factorial central composite study design. Aquaculture Nutrition 24(2): 723-740. Hidayat D, Dwi SA, Yulisman. 2013. Kelangsungan hidup,pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan gabus (Channa striata) yang diberi pakan berbahan baku tepung keong mas (Pomacea sp). Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia 1(2): 161–172. Hu Y, Tan B, Mai K, Ai Q, Zheng S, Cheng K. 2008. Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy. Aquaculture Nutrition 14(6): 499-506. Huang YS, Wen XB, Li SK, Xuan XZ, Zhu DS. 2017. Effects of protein levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition, amino acid composition and physiology indices of juvenile chu’s croaker, Nibea coibor. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(3): 594-602. Hung LT, Truc LTT, Huy HPV. 2007. Case study on the use of farm-made feeds and commercially formulated pellets for pangasiid catfish culture in the mekong Delta, Vienam. Study and Analysis of Feeds and Fertilizers for Sustainable Aquaculture Development. Ion S, Cristea V, Bocioc E, Ionescu TI, Coada MT, Enache I. 2011. Monitoring the water quality in the aquaculture recirculating systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2(4): 1656–1660. Joshi RC. 2007. Problems with the management of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata: An important exotic pest of rice in Asia. In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J. (eds) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests. Springer, Dordrecht. Kaushik SJ, Seiliez I. 2010. Protein and amino acid nutrition and metabolism in fish: Current knowledge and future needs. Aquaculture Research 41(3): 322-332. Marsyha DD, Wijayanti HS, Nuryanto, Anjani G. 2018. Contribution of golden apple snail flour to enhance omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids contents in weaning food. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 116(1). Merino GE, Piedrahita RH, Conklin DE. 2007. Ammonia and urea excretion rates of California halibut (Paralichthys californicus, Ayres) under farm-like conditions. Aquaculture 271(1-4): 227-243. Naylor, R. (1996). Invasions in agriculture: Assessing the cost of the golden apple snail in Asia. Ambio 25(7): 443--448. Nguyen TP, Le X S, Nguyen QT, Huynh Han C, Cao TA, Nguyen MH. 2007. Economics of aquaculture feeding practices: Viet Nam. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Omasaki, SK, Janssen K, Besson M, Komen H. 2017. Economic values of growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and uniformity for Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 481: 124-132. Otchoumou, AK, Blé CM, Alla YL, Corraze G, Niamke SL, Diopoh JK. 2014. Effect of crude palm oil incorporation on growth, survival, feed efficiency, and body composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 26(2): 169-178. Pulgar, J, Poblete E, Alvarez M, Morales JP, Aranda B, Aldana M, Pulgar VM. 2013. Can upwelling signals be detected in intertidal fishes of different trophic levels?. Journal of Fish Biology 83(5): 1407-1415. Randall, DJ, Wright PA. 1987. Ammonia distribution and excretion in fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 3: 107-120. Ross B, K Jauncey. 1982. A Guide to Tilapia Feeds and Feeding. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland. Ross SD, Nielsen JR, Gislason H, Nielsen A, Andersen NG. 2018. Growth and food consumption of whiting Merlangius merlangus. Journal of Fish Biology 93(2): 334-343. Sánchez-Lozano, NB, Martínez-Llorens S, Tomás-Vidal A, Cerdá MJ. 2009. Effect of high-level fish meal replacement by pea and rice concentrate protein on growth, nutrient utilization and fillet quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.). Aquaculture 298(1–2): 83–89. Sari, DE, Arma R, Asdar Y. 2019. Preferensi Pomacea canaliculata terhadap perangkap atraktan alami pada pertanian padi. Agrominansia 3(2): 101-108. Savitri A, Hasani Q, Tarsim T. 2015. Pertumbuhan ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) yang dipelihara dengan sistem bioflok pada feeding rate yang berbeda. E-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 4(1): 453-460. Seo JY, Lee SM. 2008. Effects of dietary macronutrient level and feeding frequency on growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Aquaculture International 16: 551-560. Siregar, AZ, Lubis KS. 2017. Utilization of golden snail as alternative Liquid Organic Fertilizer ( LOF ) on paddy Farmers in Dairi, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 6(11), 17–21. Soengas, JL. 2014. Contribution of glucose- and fatty acid sensing systems to the regulation of food intake in fish: A review. General and Comparative Endocrinology 205: 36–48. Subhan A, Yuwanta T. 2015. The use of Pomacea canaliculata snails in feed to improve quality of Alabio Duck (Anas plathyrinchos Borneo) meat. Jounal of Indonesian Tropical Agriculture 40(4): 238–244. Zhang, NN, Ma QQ, Fan WJ, Xing Q, Zhao YL, Chen LQ, Ye JY, Zhang ML, Du ZY. 2017. Effects of the dietary protein to energy ratio on growth, feed utilization and body composition in Macrobrachium nipponense. Aquaculture Nutrition 23(2): 313–321.
URL	:	http://smujo.id/nb/article/view/6937/4416